Abram alexander



@with gin-tes gutem @fina l i I i ABRAM ALEXANDER, OF PlTTSBUR-G, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No.' 72,152, dated Decembcrl, 1867.

IMPROVED BOLT-MAKING MACHINE.

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TO `ALL WHOM I T MAY CONCERN:

Be itk known that I, ABnAM ALEXANDER, of the city of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Bolt-Making Machines; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1, plate 1, represents a. sectional view in elevation of my improved bolt-making machine, through the lineare. i

, Figure 2, plate 1, is a top view of the-same.

Figure 3, plate 2, is a sectional elevation of one end of my improved bolt-making machine," through z z',

drawn on a larger scale than figs. 1 and 2. v j A Figure inist a top view of the same, with part removed to 4show the working parts.

Figures 5'and 6 represent details; and L i Figure T, plate 3, is an end view, with a part removed, leaving a section through the line Y Y( offg. 4.

This invention relates to that class of machines in which bolts are made by compressing, `with a plunger or heading-tool, or die, a barv of heated iron, clamped in, griping-.dies; and the improvement consists in the combination of mechanical devices by which the pressureV on the headingdie `er plunger is,` applied, in the4 arrangement for holding the griping-dies, and in the device for regulating the length of the bolts made,l anjd for driving out-.the iinishcd bolt from the dies; by which improvement bolts are made more perfect, and at a single blow, with great rapidity, and with less expenditure of power than in the machines now in use.

Description. A is the frame of the machine, composed of frame-pieces, fastened strongly together bythe pieces A A A. The frame A is constructed so as to resist a. powerful strain in aslongitudinal direction, and it is,by its massive section A and strong clamp-braces AtA, fig. 7, calculated also to resist a strong lateral pressure without spreading apart. The whole machine is placed on blocks .B B, and it has under itscentre a'cushion, B', formed by a pile of timber placed in a pit dug for that purpose.

I have classified my improvements under three heads. They are- Firstly, a combination of mechanical-devices for obtaining an instantaneous'and powerful pressure. D is a heavy drop-piece, having a free, vertical motion in guide-stripsd d, fastened or cast on the frame A. C is a shaft, mounted lon pillow-blocks C on the frame `A, and having on itu pulley, C, or other gearing to give it motion, two ity-wheels, 0 C", and two pinions, 0" CW". E E are cog-wheels, gearing with the pinions C" C,and communicating motionto the shaft E', which is mounted on suitable blocks EF|. `F is ag? combined com, composed of several cams ffff, arranged side by side, and corresponding to a notched block, F,".i`astcncd to the dropp'iecc D. Each notch fff of. the cam F has'only a small throw or stroke, so as to obtain a powerful action on the piece D, but as cach u otch takes up the drop where the former one held it, to carry it one step higher,'the full lift of theV piecefD is accomplished with a very small amount Aof power expended, When the last cam'f clears the block F', (sce iig. 1,) the drop-piecc D, which is now fully elevated,4 falls freely upon the cushion D', ande remains there until it is again taken up by the action of the compound Fwl The piece D is provided with two knuckle-pieees, e e, :is seen' ongs. 1, 2, and v'i'.v G G are bolts or d MshoviIig-heads, sliding in suitable guides G Gr', fastenedto the frame A in such a manner that the bolts Gr G will' harem free horizontnlmotion only inthe direction of the line :v rc', .z z', or w w. The bolts Gr G have knucklesgg, like the ones of the piece D,and between the knuclilesg and e are fitted the pieces H H, having their ends made so as to fit said knuckles. Iron links er straps 7L L are fitted to projections ou the knuckles g and c, so aste retain the pieces G G and drop-piece D together, so that if' the piece Dis elevated, the two pieces G Gare moved in the direction of the arrow No. 1, and when thepicce D fall-s, the two 'pieces Gr G are pushed in the direction of the arrow No.l 2, with a force increasing as the piece D advances in its fell by the weight of ythe 4piece D', i by its velocity and by the position of the pieces II H, until, when the pieces H H are horizontal, the pieces l G G have accomplished their stroke. T o the pieces G Gare attached the plunger or dies II, made of any shape or construction required for the object in view. TheA pressure produced by dies fastened to the pieces VG Gon heated iron, griped in dies held stationary to the frame A, is so great and instantaneous, that before musa the iron hastime to cool it is forced in every part of the cavity left for4 forming the head ot the bolt, and thun at one'operation a perfect and sound-headed bolt is produced.

Secondly, mechanical combination for obtaining eiiieient grpingdio holders. J represor-its the stationary-'r and J the movable griping-dies, made of any shape, material, or construction, but opening in two halves in a horizontal' manner. The dic`J`is held perfectly stationary in proper ledges K K by setscrews and lillers, placed betwecrrtheframe A and the die J. The movable die J is lirrnlyiheld by proper set-screws,"\redges, or keys in the jaws K of the movable piece L. Z is a bolt, passing throngh'sthe piece L, and also through the frame A, which, in that place, is recessed out to allow of the piece L being fitted therein. The bolt Lacts as a centre for thepiece L to swing on, and it prevents said piece from havingr any play in the direction of the s line z z. M is a bolt a'ssinfr throufrh two extensions a a of the frame A, and located on a line, Y Y, which i c: o i t is at right angles with the line z z', and opposite, or nearly so, to the centre of resistance of the diesV J J. The movable piece Z has a knuckle, N,en its back part', also located on the line Y Y. Q is-a piece, having, vat one end, ahead with two knuckles, o o, and at the other end vbeing link'ed to the bolt-piece?, having a sliding motion parallel to the line z z', in suitable guides l IP',r v'.lwo'pieces, R R, are itted vbetween the knuckles o o and N andbolt M. The pieces L R Q R and bolt M are `now linked together vby straps r r, so that when the piece Q ispushed in the direction et' 'the arrow, lig. 6, and that all the knuckles are on a line, the die J will be brought in contact with the die J, and, when thepiece Q is moved in the opposite direction to the arrow, the linksr r will cause'the movable piece L to swing openaround the centre L', and separate thc dies J and J. The bolt M is adjustedby`p`roper-ftillers-in the pieces a a, to make up'for any wear and tear. Itwill be observed that'when the diesJ J are closed, the pieces R R, head Q, piece L, and bolt M being,r all on a line drawn from the boltM, (immovablc,) and thecentre of' resistance of the said dies J J', the dies J J cannot spread apart .without crushing thel pieces R R, piece Q, or pieceL, or without breaking the `bolt M; thus.; with'a power` this being the result which IJ have in view.

Thirdly, combination'a-nd arrangement of mechanical devices forobtaining an accurate guido to determine the length ot` thc bolt Vto be made', and in'tho same time for drivingr the finished bolt from the dies J J when they open. This part of my invention is represented in my drawings on plate 2, figs. 3, 4, 5, and' 6, and the pieces are numbered. lis a hollow'scre-w, having a wheel, 2, fastenedto one end ot it, and screwing, into a nut,l 18, fustenedftogthe frame Ain such a position that the centre-of the screw'l will be in a line with the point of the'blank V, vgriped in the dies J and J'. 3 is `arod, passing through the hollow-screw 1, an`d through the spiral spring',Vandhaving two heads, 4 and 5, ono at both ends. 'l'he spring 6 will keep the head 4 in.; contact withY the end of the screw 1, as' -secn in rigs. 3 and 4. The-head 4, being adjusted by screwing or unscl'ewing the screw lfvrith the Wheel 2,'will serve as a guide for placing the blank Vinithc properposition in the dies J J', andthus make all thc bolts ot' exactly the saine length. 7 is a hammer, with a handle, 12, pivemplo'ycd comparatively small, 'the dies J J will be' able to. gripe a bar of' red-hot'iron with aresistless grasp,

koted on a centre, 8, mounted o'n' the plate 10.- ,11 is'a rod, attached at one end to the end- 20 ot' the piece Q,

andr lrarvinr at theothcr end a catch and let-go arrangement of any suitable description for acting onthe end ofthe handle 12 of the hammer 7, so as to pull said hammer away from the head 5 against the spring '14, and let it ily back when the dies J Jlare open by the Aaction ofthe piece Q. The hammer 7, on flying back, strikes the head 5, compressingth'e spring 6, driving the piece 3 and head 4 againstthe end of the finished bolt V, and drives it out of the dies 'JJ' to make place for a new blank. The plate 10 is made adjustable on a proper bai', 15, fastened to the frame A, and is held stationary when'adjustecl by suitable screws. The lengthof the rod 11 is also made adjustable, so that all the` combinations ban have the same relative position, one with thc other, When the length ol' the boltto be made has to be changed; and thescrew 1 adjusted anew.

In figs. 5 and 6 I have represented a kind of catch and let-go arrangement, which is understood at a glance, lig. represcnting the catch hooked on thc-handle I2, and lig. G representing the catch raised by the inclined plane of therod 11, and letting go the handle'l. The bolts l" l are moved by the `cam-frames 'l T, pivoted on bolts TT, andthe cams S S, which act on the frames T T, are set in relation to the compound cam 'F, so that, when the piece D is raising, the cams S S open the dies J J', and that before the piece D falls the dies J J are kept closed.

' Operation.

The blank V is lheld to the proper place in the machine by tongs, and guided by proper side and bottom. guides, not represented in my drawings, as being ot' no importance tomy invention. '.ihe'point of the blankv V- is held against the head 4, and the heated vpartaway fromsaid hcadft. The dies J J','now closing, gripe rmly the blank V, asJrepresented in fig. 4. The drop D falls, spreading apart the pieces Gand G, forcing the i heading-dios I I (see figs. 3 and 4) against the heated part ot' the blank V with a very powerfukforce, yet not` like, in a cam-motion machine, with a strictly limited motion.

v It' more metal were left in the blank V than was required for making the vhead of the proper thickness,

instead of something haying to spring or break, as in positive-motion machines,'all that willhappen is that the piece D will not fall quite to its lower mark, and this lack of motion in the piece D nvill indicate that the blank V was too longer-'too far engaged in the griping-dies JfJ.

I have represen ted my bolt-machine as double, and it isin that manner I prefer to construct it, for, by this arrangement, two bolts, one at each end ol the machine, can be made at one blow, but the machine can be built so as to net only on one end, having, in that caso, only one knuckle, c, on the piecoD, one piece H, one piece Gr, Snc., ttc.

Claims.

What claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, -s,

The combination of the piece D, guides d d, and -frame A, with the pieces H H, bolts G G, and gripingdies J J', guides G G G G', ai'ranged and peiating substantially in the manner and for the purpose'eet forth.

,The compound cam F and block F', in combination withy the drop-piece. D, to obtain a vertical upwaxrd motion of said piece D, in the manner specified, and for the pui'pos'e stated. i

The hollow screw 1, bolt 3, and nut 18, in combination with thehammer 7, or its equivalent, and '-the griping-dies oi' a bolt-making machine, substantially in the manne-r and for the purpose specified.

ABRAM ALEXANDER. ,[r.. sg

Witnesses:

THoMAs' Munn,

Joan Monnow. 

